The purpose of the Department of the Interior Nature Based Solutions Roadmap is to provide U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) staff with consistent and credible information about nature-based

The potential of ecosystem-based interventions, also known as Nature-based Solutions (NbS), for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is now recognized by major national

The River Restoration Centre offers a Level 1 Certificate on essential knowledge and practical skills necessary to contribute to successful river restoration projects.

An article discussing the Tribunal of Waters and the management of common water resources in Valencia.

This report summarises river basin case studies across Europe, some of them implementing NbS.

AgoraNatura is Germany's first online marketplace for certified nature conservation projects. Since October 2020, AgoraNatura has enabled anyone who manages land and wants to implement a nature

BioAgora is a collaborative European project funded by the Horizon Europe programme. It aims to connect research results on biodiversity to the needs of policy making in a targeted dialogue between

NetworkNature is working with local partners to establish and support the launch of six NbS hubs. The hubs bring researchers policy-makers, businesses, and the public sector together to create long

NetworkNature is a resource for the Nature-based Solutions (NbS) community, creating opportunities for local, regional and international cooperation to maximise the impact and spread of Nature-based

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international network and data infrastructure funded by the world's governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data

Large scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity. REST-COAST will provide the tools to address some of the key challenges to coastal ecosystems today - all consequences

LifeWatch ERIC has started broadcasting a regular series of podcasts on the Internal Joint Initiative, open conversations with key personnel within the infrastructure, the scientists behind the

LifeWatch promotes training, learning and education for research infrastructure users, researchers, school students and citizens in general, developing bioinformatics skills and engaging citizens in

This briefing looks into applied assessment frameworks and the scaling potential of selected nature-based solutions, and how they may contribute to ecosystem restoration outside protected areas.

Large-scale ecosystem restoration is an urgent necessity in Europe to achieve the goal of recovering nature to a biodiverse and resilient state, whilst simultaneously mitigating against climate change

Abstract: Ecosystem-based management is costly. Therefore, without rigorously showing that it can outperform traditional species-focused alternatives, its broad-scale adoption in conservation is

Abstract: The total freshwater biodiversity is not fully known. In particular, freshwater invertebrates and microbes are poorly studied groups, and in tropical latitudes, that support most of the

NFDI4Biodiversity is a consortium under the umbrella of the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) dedicated to mobilising biodiversity and environmental data for collective use. It offers

This report shares findings from a collaboration involving Foundations of Success (FOS), the Science and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) for the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), and the Gordon and

Drinkable Rivers works towards a world with drinkable rivers through inspiring river walks, events, research, education, and mobilisation through various action programmes.

This guide provides topics to consider when initiating or running a citizen science project on alien species or invasive alien species. It includes key recommendations on how to engage with your

Ponds have been largely overlooked but they are vital for biodiversity - and could even help us adapt to climate change. Discover more about these rich and fascinating habitats, how can they help to

The video explains the concept of nature-based solutions for water security in a clear and accessible manner, using easy-to-follow illustrations.

[Spanish] El video explica el concepto de soluciones

The Tagus River as it passes through Aranjuez (Madrid) has historically been subject to numerous interventions and pressures that have led to a strong alteration in its morphology and to a very marked

Restor is an online platform that serves as a central hub for restoration and conservation projects from around the world. Their goal is to connect these projects with the resources they need to

A platform to showcase your efforts, and to support the communities protecting and restoring nature. Whether you are gardener, farmer, run a restoration project or manage global investments - with

These Standards of practice build on and support restoration principles, standards, and other guidance developed for specific biomes and restoration approaches (e.g. ecological restoration, landscape

The EU Biodiversity Strategy includes the target that at least 25000 km of rivers should be restored into free-flowing rivers by 2030 through the removal of primarily obsolete barriers and the

The project is part of the Danube & Black Sea Lighthouse within the EU Mission “Restore our Ocean and Waters by 2030”. Restore4Life showcases the remarkable socio-economic benefits derived from a

The Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity supports policymaking by developing tools that support the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, including its global dimension; identifying, filtering

SWS offers monthly webinars as a benefit of membership. Once each quarter, in March, July, September and December, the monthly SWS webinar is open for non-members to attend (at no cost), as well

Wetlands is an international journal presenting pioneering work across all aspects of wetlands research.

- Official journal of the Society of Wetland Scientists (SWS), a leading authority in wetland

SWS is a organisation seeking to promote best practices in wetland research, education, conservation, preservation, restoration, and management while ensuring that wetlands are understood, their

I.S.Rivers is an international conference which takes place every 3 years. Since 2012, it has brought together researchers, managers, technicians and decision makers. In order to keep in touch between

Graie is a public-interest association initially dedicated to research, technical coordination and information on water. It is also a Pôle Eau & Territoires (Water & Territories cluster), mobilizing

Building new ponds is crucial to reverse the worldwide tendency of pond and aquatic biodiversity decline and ensure the delivery of important ecosystem services. In this video you can discover

PONDERFUL (POND Ecosystems for Resilient Future Landscapes in a changing climate) is a H2020 “Research and Innovation Programme” project funded by the European Union within the Call: Inter-relations

The Peatland ECR Action Team is a network by wetland scientists for wetland scientists, trying to connect and support students, post-docs, lecturers, scientists, and young professionals, practitioners

Read about what peatlands are and why do they matter, about recommendations for peatland restoration and conservation, and about how Belize is leading on peatland mapping in this article.

This paper presents cases that provides compelling documentation that NbS offer multifaceted benefits, including conservation of biodiversity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, enhanced

This open access book describes in detail what life on this planet would be like if its average surface temperature were to rise 3 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial level. On this basis, the

This User Guide provides introductory guidance on whether, when, and how to prepare and implement biodiversity offsets for large-scale, private and public sector development projects. It also explores

Online resources of nature-based solutions that you can filter by resource type, sector, targeted audience, among other tags.

An integrated one-stop resource to guide users through the process of governance, designing and funding Nature-based Solutions (NbS), and monitoring the outcomes. The hub is aimed at those involved

This second edition represents a fully updated text on the current breadth of knowledge, including methods for peatland management to protect carbon stocks and reduce future greenhouse gas emissions

This space offers comprehensive lessons and materials that guide you in utilising Blue-Cloud services for Open Science in marine research.
Additionally, dedicated meetings to foster the uptake of Open

This report examines the key design and implementation features that need to be considered to ensure that biodiversity offset programmes are environmentally effective, economically efficient, and

The website "Carbon Markets 101" provides a comprehensive guide on carbon markets, including the trading of carbon credits and offsets. It outlines the basics of carbon credits and offsets, their

This report will be helpful to those who are developing new approaches to funding conservation and environmental restoration: NGOs, public sector bodies, philanthropic funders and impact investors

Nature-based solutions are cost-effective interventions that provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and build resilience. This report highlights the challenges involved in financing

This guidebook presents a step-by-step process for planning and implementing a landscape approach to restoration projects. It identifies five essential stages - Scope, Design, Finance, Implement, and

Guidance on including wetlands in National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs) to boost biodiversity and halt wetland loss and degradation.

This Technical Report was prepared by the

This report, commissioned by the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM), represents an effort to advance the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the Nordic region. It has been guided by the

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) promote coherency among various sectoral policies to secure climate resilient development. In the context of Assam, India, this is key to achieving the goals set out in

The report includes four chapters on financing conservation, attracting investors to conservation, making conservation projects investable, and establishing conservation as an assest class.

Synopsis: "Many restoration projects seek to raise capital, but restoration leaders often lack knowledge of the investment process. The New Restoration Economy—part of the Global Restoration

Earth Security's new report provides a practical roadmap for public finance institutions (DFIs, donors, foundations) and long-term investors to use blended finance strategically to unlock investments

This study uncovers a wealth of models for financing integrated landscape management (ILM), and for promoting integrated investments in agriculture, ecosystems and rural development and provides a

Increasing access to voluntary carbon markets: enabling landscape restoration projects to understand the costs and benefits.

Abstract: A synthesis of themes discussed in the "Watershed Management for Ecosystem Services in Human Dominated Landscapes of the Neotropics" conference, including recent research and practices

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is the name given to a variety of arrangements through which the beneficiaries of environmental services, from watershed protection and forest conservation to

Abstract: "Coastal wetlands have been valued for a variety of ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and long term storage. The carbon sequestered and stored in coastal habitat including

Abstract: "The explosive growth of carbon markets is creating unprecedented opportunities for landscape-scale restoration worldwide. Most mandatory and voluntary greenhouse gas reduction programs

Abstract: "Nature-based solutions (NBS) are widely regarded as cost-effective responses to climate change and environmental degradation that also provide numerous co-benefits. However, despite

This study contributes to the growing evidence base that investments in Nature-based Solutions for freshwater management are economically the preferred choice when taking into account all benefits

Abstract: "Nature-based Solutions function (NBS) as an umbrella concept for ecosystem-based approaches that are an alternative to traditional engineering solutions for Disaster Risk Reduction. Their

Abstract: "Though the Ecosystem Service (ESS) approach is considered promising for integrated ecosystem management, its operationalisation is hampered by the lack of agreed evaluation instruments. To

Water Resources and Economics addresses the financial and economic dimensions associated with water resources use and governance, across different economic sectors like agriculture, energy, industry

Nature-based solutions (NBS) have the potential to combat pressing global problems, including climate change, water security and biodiversity loss. This guide builds on Benefit Accounting of Nature

Abstract: "Business-biodiversity action is increasingly seen as critical for delivering conservation goals, but such action needs to be effective. Using detailed semi-structured interviews with

Abstract: "The dominant narrative to motivate business actors to take climate actions emphasizes opportunities to increase monetary gains, linking sustainability to the financial goals of these

Abstract: "Incorporating stakeholder engagement into environmental management may help in the pursuit of novel approaches for addressing complex water resource problems. However, evidence about how

Abstract: "This paper contributes to understanding transition politics by conceptualizing (shifting) power relations between actors in sustainability transitions. The authors introduce a Multi-actor

Abstract: "The EU Nature Restoration Law (NRL) is critical for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and active afforestation of degraded peatlands has been suggested as a restoration measure under

Guideline capturing important recommendations, sharing the cutting-edge experiences of peatland restoration pioneers, and identifying gaps, priorities and lessons from across Europe that can be taken

Short video explaining what Nature-based Solutions are and key factors. The video is created by the EU Nature-based Solutions Clustering Task Force 4: NBS Communicators within the NetworkNature

The world’s largest community of nature-based enterprises (NBEs) working with and for nature. Network and marketplace, building skills and raising awareness of the vital role of nature-based

Invest4Nature is an EU-funded project that contributes to the creation of a market for nature-based solutions. A group of 15 partners from 11 European countries prepare the grounds for investments in

Key findings of nature-based enterprises (NBEs) in Europe by Oisín Klinkenbergh. This research is part of the Invest4Nature project, which looks at the economics of Nature-based Solutions.

Categories, challenges, management, IUCN global standard, examples and applications.
Podcast by: Daniela Ramirez and Josué Meléndez

[Spanish] Categorías, desafíos, gestión, estándar global de la

Podcast on sustainable development, recycling, biodiversity, and environmental culture in Colombia. Includes an episode on nature-based solutions to supply water to Bogota (published on April 27, 2024

Cities 1.5 is a podcast featuring progressive policy conversations with urban leaders taking action to limit global heating to 1.5 degrees. Three seasons produced by the University of Toronto Press.

WWF article covering aspects of what nature-based solutions are, the difference between conservation and nature-based solutions, examples and WFF's work in this regard.

[Spanish] Artículo de WWF

The NaturaConnect Training Needs Assessment (TNA) helps professionals determine their competences for connectivity and conservation planning, and match these to NaturaConnect training content on the

A hub for innovative thinking, discussion and analysis of nature recovery nationally and wolrdwide. The Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, based at the University of Oxford tackles the challenge

The FAO elearning Academy provides learning opportunities and multilingual elearning courses for professionals working in food and nutrition security, social and economic development, and sustainable

An article showing how the human rights-based approach is embedded in the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions.

The policy brief contains chapters on: NbS as an internationally agreed definition, NbS for the biodiversity and climate crises, NbS in international processes, the global standard, critiques against

On the standard IUCN Nature-based Solutions webpage, topics such as agriculture and soil biodiversity, disaster risk reduction, ecosystem restoration, Nature-based Solutions for climate and cities can

Nature-based Solutions for a sustainable future. Questions about what the issue is, why it is important and what can be done are answered.

The Peat Hub Ireland Peatland Glossary comprises over 120 terms listed alphabetically relating to the sustainable management of peatlands in Ireland.

The IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions self-assessment is an online tool that consists of eight criteria and associated indicators, which address the pillars of sustainable development

The Nature Recovery Podcast looks at some of the major challenges we face to global biodiversity and takes a look at the various ways we are trying to halt the decline in biodiversity and the

Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) and ecosystem restoration are often conflated, but cannot be assumed to be identical. Understanding and choosing between these different framings is important. It affects

The 2018 report, titled "Nature-Based Solutions for Water Management," focuses on the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) to address current water management challenges across all sectors

The magazine Ambienta, edited by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO, Spain), published an exclusively digital version focusing on Nature-Based Solutions (NbS)

LIFE Project regarding the water management in the Duero River basin through innovative, sustainable, and participatory solutions. Among its areas of action are surface waters - Trabancos, Zapardiel

A publication by GT-SbN group work on how to identify and implement Nature-based Solutions in Spanish cities and the international context, including ideas and actions on how to achieve the best

The Conama Foundation, in collaboration with the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, launched the first Nature-Based Solutions Observatory in Spain, adressing issues related to urban or

Ecological description of Natura 2000 bird species with methodological guidelines.

Ecological description of Natura 2000 bird species with methodological guidelines.

Recently, increased attention has been drawn to the greenhouse gas emissions of the Land use, Land use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. In the Finnish LULUCF sector, the soil-originated emissions

The document provides a guide for scoping and designing river restoration measures at the catchment scale.

The book includes the following chapters: 1. Why conserve rivers?, 2. Stressors affecting rivers, 3. Ecological responses of rivers under threat, 4. Science and solutions: moving beyond threats.

The book consits of 22 chapters in which the following topics are discussed: the importance of rivers, the river as an ecosystem, the watershed, the hydrological regime, the river structure and

BIONEXT is a research and innovation project that joins the fight for nature and biodiversity. The project produces new evidence to better understand biodiversity loss and demonstrates how

Listen in as collaborators from local, national and international agencies, private and not-for-profit organizations, and academia discuss ideas and applications of nature-based solutions. Includes

Financing Nature is a podcast from GFI Hive showcasing practical solutions to mobilising private financing into the restoration of nature and nature-based solutions for a greener, more resilient and

MERLIN is a major European Union funded project which is investing millions of Euros to help mainstream freshwater restoration across the continent over the coming years. This podcast follows the

NBS Academy is an Erasmus+, Teacher Academies (TA) project with a duration of 36 months, consisting of 9 full partners and 13 associated partners from Greece, Belgium, Austria, Cyprus, Sweden, Germany

Factsheets (bilingual/English and Portguese) on river regulation, riparian forests, macroinvetebrates, macrophytes, macroalgae, etc and summary of the scientific results of the project RIVEAL (RIver

Bilingual (English and Portuguese)

Systematic review of 356 articles about peat extraction site after-use. Vegetation and greenhouse gases of abandoned and restored sites have been in focus. Afforestation and cultivation have been also

In Northern Finland, the most significant land use challenges are related to bioenergy production from peat extraction and forest biomass. Increasing societal demand for bioenergy may increase

Note: The glossary is especially useful and the quiz is fun!

Snowchange was started in late 2000 to document climate and environmental change in the North and work with local and Indigenous communities of the Northern regions.
We are a non-profit independent co

A large collection of publications with links on the website of the CEEweb for Biodiversity NGO

The Global Peatlands Initiative is an effort by leading experts and institutions formed at the UNFCCC COP in Marrakech, Morocco in 2016 to save peatlands as the world’s largest terrestrial organic

Large floodplain rivers (LFRs) are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth and their utilization is expected to grow. Therefore, the need to develop more effective spatial prioritization tools

A novel framework for coordinating river conservation and connectivity restoration is shown. As part of this, we formulate an optimization model for deciding which subcatchments to designate for

Protection and sustainable management of water was indicated as one of the strategic tasks in the process of transformation towards a circular economy (CE) in the European Union (EU), therefore, the

The integration of water management goals in protected wetland areas agriculturally managed in an intensive manner recalls the comparison of apples (ecological values) and oranges (economic dimension

The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across

Ecological Infrastructures (EIs) form a network of natural and semi-natural areas crucial to support biodiversity in human-altered landscapes. Several indices have been proposed to assess the

Basic information on peatlands.

Video communicating the importance of rivers, their biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as threats (mainly regulation), the need for sustainable management and the importance of stakeholders

Summary of the scientific results of the project RIVEAL (RIver and riparian forest Values and Ecosystem services in uncertain freshwater futures and Altered Landscapes), including the references to

The Blue targeting tool, a practical guide (paper checklist) for designing functional riparian zones when performing forestry operations alongside streams.

Tool Box concerning Beavers, riparian forests and drainage systems from the Interreg project WAMBAF (Water Management in Baltic Forest).

MICS allows you to: Assess the impact of a citizen-science project, through metrics and indicators across different domains. Evaluate the impact of a project from conception to realisation and beyond

EcoShape develops and shares knowledge about Building with Nature: a new approach to hydraulic engineering that harnesses the forces of nature to benefit environment, economy and society.

How, and why, did a declining Scottish town buy a vast moorland from the Duke of Buccleuch? Martin Wright meets the women behind the most ambitious community rewilding project in Britain.

Driven by Europe’s pressing need to overcome its water quality and water scarcity challenges, the speed of innovation in the water sector is outpacing that of science. The methodologies available to

More than 1,000 landowners in East Anglia are taking part in an ambitious rewilding project, which is being led by three farmers.

A rewilding charity that launched in lockdown is buying up degraded land and restoring it to boost nature and create rural jobs

The overall ambition of Dam Removal Europe is to restore rivers in Europe that have high natural or cultural importance.
Currently, there are many of these rivers in Europe that are fragmented by

Im Zuge der Förderung von Kohle entsteht meist Grubenwasser, das extrem
sauer ist und große Mengen Sulfat und Eisen enthält. Bisherige Verfahren
zur Reinigung dieses Schadstoffcocktails sind sehr

Restoration of peatlands in general

Substantial amounts of money have been invested in peatland restoration over the last decades to address the current challenges of global changes and to enhance biodiversity. Given the magnitude of

Draining wetlands exacerbated a number of other problems: the severe water eutrophication caused by the inflow of agricultural fertilisers, resulting in toxic cyano-bacterial blooms (see below) and

The role of peatlands

The goal of this chapter is to give an overview of the ecological importance of peatlands, their significant loss within the last decades, and their recent restoration and, finally, summarize our

BIOFIN was initiated in response to the urgent global need to divert more finance from all possible sources towards global and national biodiversity goals, as highlighted during the 2010 CBD COP 10 in

The tool provides decision support for the monitoring of forest-water interactions based on different contexts and situations. Based on the current conditions of the interest area and the available

Engineering With Nature® is the intentional alignment of natural and engineering processes to efficiently and sustainably deliver economic, environmental, and social benefits through collaboration.

IPS summary of what peat is, how it is formed and used. It includes a chapter about the certification for peat extraction.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are ways to tackle climate change while at the same time strengthening biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services to humans. While there are many international reports

When extracting peat for horticultural use, drainage ditches are prepared, a peatland’s vegetation is removed, and peat is harvested. These land-use changes dramatically alter the carbon, water, and

NetworkNature is a resource for the nature-based solutions community, creating opportunities for local, regional and international cooperation to maximise the impact and spread of nature-based

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss (1). Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and

In line with the Green Finance Institute’s broader vision of a greener future made possible by finance, GFI Hive’s mission is to increase private investment in nature restoration, nature-based

The world’s first rewilding centre has opened in the Scottish Highlands,
offering a gateway to the UK’s largest nature recovery site. 

The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean. It can help to end poverty, combat climate change and

The freshwater ecosystems explorer provides a free and easy to use geospatial platform and data products to help decision makers access national, sub-national, and basin level data on freshwater

River engineering measures to achieve the water ecological target status.
Guideline for implementation.

The UN Biodiversity Lab (UNBL) is a UN platform that provides users with
access to over 400 high quality global datasets on biodiversity, climate
change, and sustainable development. Our goal is to

IBAT hosts and maintains the three key global biodiversity sets: IUCN red list of threatened species, World database on protected areas, world data base of key biodiversity areas.

Nature-based solutions and how the Commission defines them, the global context, funding, collaboration and jobs, projects and results, knowledge platforms, latest publications, news and events.

This 7-unit massive open online course (MOOC) provides an overview of nature's many solutions for reducing the impacts from disasters and climate impacts. This may include protecting forests on steep

Abstract: "This document aims to guide the design, implementation, and use of studies to value the benefits and costs of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for climate resilience projects. Reliable

Given the burgeoning dam removal movement and the large number of dams
approaching obsolescence in the United States, cost estimating data and
tools are needed for dam removal prioritization

The IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions is a self assessment that consists of eight criteria and associated indicators, which address the pillars of sustainable development (biodiversity

"Nature-based Solutions Initiative is an international and interdisciplinary team of natural and social scientists, seeking to apply impactful research to shape policy and practice on nature-based

England's CaBA initiative encourages catchment-based partnerships to help deliver multiple policy and other goals related to water. CaBA has a webpage with a selection of resources -either that parent

RiverAcademy is an interactive learning platform designed for those who want to become leaders in their field. RiverAcademy will expand your knowledge and enable you to be recognised for having that

The Hub has been established to provide river managers across the globe with a global platform and resources to assist them in the journey of their rivers to resilience. The Hub is collaborative space

RRC is the national expert advice centre for best practice river restoration, habitat enhancement and catchment management. It provides a focal point for the exchange and dissemination of information

Coursera partners with more than 275 leading universities and companies to bring flexible, affordable, job-relevant online learning to individuals and organizations worldwide. We offer a range of

We Value Nature is:
Supporting the natural capital community and sharing research, resources and best practice.
Helping businesses improve their risk management, communication with investors

CPD Environmental Science courses

The EUROPARC Federation is the network for Europe’s natural and cultural heritage. Created by our members, the Federation works, to improve the management of Protected Areas in Europe through

This story map explains the importance of floodplains, their types, and condition and gives examples of restoration, as the context for the target of the 2030 Biodiversity Strategy.

"Köcherfliegen lügen nicht! Materialien zur angewandten Fließgewässerökologie in der Sekundarstufe II". Der Ordner enthält eine komplette Unterrichtsreihe zum Thema Fließgewässerökologie mit 16

How are nature-based solutions co-created? Learn more in this short video! The video is created by the EU Nature-based Solutions Clustering Task Force 4: NBS Communicators, in collaboration with Task

Launched in December 2021, WaterLANDS (Water-based Solutions for Carbon-storage, People, and Wilderness) is an ambitious Horizon 2020 Green Deal-funded project that aims to restore wetlands across

Funded through the EU Horizon 2020 Green Deal Call 7.1, WaterLANDS will contribute to the restoration of wetland sites across Europe which have been damaged by human activity and is laying the

The “State of Finance for Nature” report
assesses how much public and private
investment is being directed towards nature-
based solutions and provides insights into
the extent to which governments

This second edition has a broader scope than the
inaugural report in 2021. First, analysis of capital
flows has been expanded to include marine nature-
based solutions. Second, the investment in NbS

Due to their importance for human development and well-being, freshwater
ecosystems are among the most threatened and modified in the world; a situation
that is expected to intensify in the future